Nėra vienareikÅ¡mio atsakymo, kodėl vieni žmonės suserga lėtine obstrukcine plaučių liga, o kiti ne. Pagrindinis Å¡ios ligos rizikos faktorius yra rūkymas. 90 proc. sergančiųjų LOPL – aktyviai arba pasyviai rūkantieji. Profesinės dulkės ir chemikalai (garai, dirgikliai, dūmai), esant intensyviam ir ilgam kontaktui, taip pat gali sukelti LOPL, nepriklausomai nuo to, rūko žmogus ar ne. Manoma, kad yra ir genetinis Å¡ios ligos polinkis. Kvėpavimo takų infekcijos, persirgtos kūdikystėje ir vaikystėje, turi reikÅ¡mės LOPL atsiradimui vyresniame amžiuje. LOPL neretai pasireiÅ¡kia po gripo, kitų virusinių infekcijų, plaučių uždegimo.
Sergamumas ir mirtingumas nuo LOPL kasmet didėja. Plungės rajone 2011 m. Å¡ia liga sirgo kas deÅ¡imtas vyresnis nei 65 metų amžiaus gyventojas, Lietuvoje – kas penkioliktas. 2011 m. rajone iÅ¡ viso užregistruota 1070 sergančiųjų LOPL. Pirmą kartą Å¡i liga buvo diagnozuota 152 rajono gyventojams, iÅ¡ jų 86 moterims ir 66 vyrams.
LOPL progresuojant, pasireiÅ¡kia kvėpavimo ir Å¡irdies nepakankamumas. Dėl deguonies trūkumo ir sumažėjusio fizinio aktyvumo iÅ¡ryÅ¡kėja raumenų atrofija, mažėja kūno masė.
Norint iÅ¡vengti LOPL, reikėtų mažinti rizikos veiksnius. Ne visus juos galima paveikti, tačiau pirmiausia būtina atsisakyti rūkymo. Daug galima padaryti, tinkamai tvarkant butą, reikalaujant optimalių higienos sąlygų darbe. Tik ankstyva LOPL diagnostika ir gydymas gali užkirsti kelią ligos progresavimui ir paūmėjimui.
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