Gegužės 19-oji paskelbta Pasauline hepatito diena. Tarptautinės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos, susijungusios į Pasaulio hepatito aljansą (angl. World Hepatitis Alliance, WHA), siekia atkreipti visuomenės dėmesį į hepatitų keliamą pavojų.
Pasaulyje apytikriai vienas iš dvylikos žmonių (apie 500 milijonų) serga lėtiniu hepatitu B arba C. Dar didesnį nerimą kelia tai, kad didelei daliai užsikrėtusių žmonių liga yra nediagnozuota.
Hepatito A virusas perduodamas per užkrėstas išmatas, gali plisti per užterštą maistą arba vandenį, tiesioginio žmonių kontakto metu. Pavojų kelia vanduo iš čiaupo, moliuskai, nelupti vaisiai, termiškai neapdorotos ir neluptos daržovės, nepakankamai iškepta mėsa.
Hepatitu C dažniausiai užsikrečiama per kraują, jį perpilant. Juo rizikinga užsikrėsti vartojant narkotikus, taip pat galima užsikrėsti per kraują, naudojantis kito asmens dantų šepetuku, skutimosi peiliuku, manikiūro reikmenimis ir pan. Dar viena hepatito atmaina – lėtinis alkoholinis hepatitas. 70 proc. ligonių, kurie laikosi abstinencijos, išgyja.
Hepatitas sukelia kepenų cirozę, kepenų vėžį ir kepenų nepakankamumą. Iš sergančiųjų hepatito virusu visiškai pasveiksta tik apie 45 proc. gydomų ligonių. Infekcijos požymiai gali būti panašūs į gripo simptomus, taip pat pasireikšti nuovargiu, pykinimu, apetito stoka, silpnumu, pilvo skausmais, sąnarių skausmais, depresija. Kepenys reguliuoja organizme medžiagų apykaitos procesus. Tik pažeidus daugiau kaip 70 proc. kepenų audinio, sutrinka jų pačių, o kartu ir kitų organų, veikla, vystosi lėtiniai hepatitai ar kepenų cirozė. Tačiau išgydyti kepenų ligas sudėtinga.
Hepatito B ir hepatito C virusai vadinami „tyliaisiais“ dėl to, kad daugelis žmonių užsikėtę nejaučia jokių simptomų ir gali nešioti virusus daugelį metų, nežinodami apie tai. Negydomi abu virusai gali sukelti kepenų pažeidimus (cirozę, vėžį). Nežinodami, kad yra infekuoti, asmenys gali užkrėsti virusiniu B ar C hepatitu savo artimuosius. Kartais diagnozė nustatoma taip vėlai, kad vienintelis gydymo būdas yra kepenų transplantacija. Kiekvienas galvojantis, kad galėjo užsikrėsti virusiniais hepatitais, turėtų nedelsdamas išsitirti. Anksti paskirtas gydymas bei pakeistas gyvenimo būdas gali lemti susirgimo eigą ir gyvenimo kokybę.
2013 m. nuo kepenų fibrozės ir cirozės Plungės rajone mirė 4 asmenys. Dėl kepenų fibrozės ir cirozės daugiausiai mirė moterys, gyvenančios mieste. Gyventojų mirtingumas nuo kepenų fibrozės ir cirozės Plungės rajone 2010-2013 m. laikotarpiu buvo didžiausias 2011 m.
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