Triukšmas tai – netvarkingas, įvairaus stiprumo ir dažnio garso bangų mišinys, neįprastas žmogaus klausai, sukeliantis nemalonių pojūčių. Mūsų kasdienybė pilna triukšmingų kaimynų, burzgiančių automobilių, muzikos, šūkaujančių vaikų, televizoriaus garsų, šunų staugimo. Kai šių garsų per daug, gali ne tik pakrikti žmogaus nervai, bet ir sutrikti klausa, širdies, skydliaukės veikla.
Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija (PSO) nurodo triukšmo sukeltus padarinius:
• triukšmas pažeidžia mūsų klausą;
• triukšmas sutrikdo miegą;
• triukšmas skatina streso hormonų išsiskyrimą;
• triukšmas sukelia nepasitenkinimą;
• triukšmas turi įtakos kalbos suvokimui ir neigiamai veikia mokymo procesą;
• triukšmas turi įtakos protinių užduočių atlikimui;
• triukšmas turi įtakos socialinei elgsenai.
Didžiausi triukšmo šaltiniai (PSO duomenimis):
• oro uostai;
• autostrados;
• pramonės ir komercinės įmonės;
• transporto srautai gatvėse (pastarųjų triukšmingumas tam tikrais atvejais pasiekia iki 80-82 % bendrojo triukšmo lygio miestų teritorijose), automobilių stovėjimo aikštelės;
• muzika;
• vaikiški žaislai.
Teisinis triukšmo reglamentavimas
• Lietuvos Respublikos triukšmo valdymo įstatymas nustato triukšmo prevencijos teisinius pagrindus, triukšmo valdymo subjektų teises, pareigas, triukšmo kontrolės ir stebėsenos (monitoringo) tvarką.
• Lietuvos higienos norma HN 33:2011 „Triukšmo ribiniai dydžiai gyvenamuosiuose ir visuomeninės paskirties pastatuose bei jų aplinkoje“ nustato stacionarių triukšmo šaltinių skleidžiamo triukšmo ribinius dydžius gyvenamuosiuose ir visuomeninės paskirties pastatuose bei jų aplinkoje.
AR ŽINOTE, kad:
10 dB (A) – savo širdies plakimas,
30 dB(A) – šnabždesys, girdimas 1 metro atstumu, lapų šnaresys,
50 dB(A) – lietus,
50-60 dB(A) – įprastinė kalba,
60 dB(A) – elektrinė barzdos skutimo mašinėlė,
80 dB(A) – durų, telefono skambutis,
85 dB(A) – sunkvežimis,
90 dB(A) – riksmas,
95-110 dB(A) – motociklas,
110 dB(A) – šūvis į orą,
140 dB(A) – lėktuvo variklis.
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