Apgamai – tai pigmentiniai odos dariniai, kuriuose susikaupę daug pigmento melanino. Kai kurie apgamai gali tapti aktyvūs, dalis jų gali virsti melanoma – itin piktybiniu odos naviku. Lietuvoje moterys melanoma serga beveik 2 kartus dažniau negu vyrai. Dažniausiai melanomos moterims atsiranda ant blauzdų, o vyrams – ant krūtinės, pilvo, nugaros. Kiekvienais metais susirgimų odos vėžiu Lietuvoje padaugėja maždaug 10 proc. Dauguma žmonių turi apgamų, kurie skirstomi į įgimtus ir įgytus, o pastarieji – į gerybinius ir atipinius aktyvius apgamus. Nemažai žmonių turi apgamų, kurie negražiai atrodo arba kliūva. Aktyvus apgamas kinta: tamsėja ar šviesėja (tai yra ypač pavojinga), keičia formą – didėja ar mažėja, niežti, peršti, skauda, kartais pūliuoja (pūliuoti gali po apgamu arba šalia jo). Gali keistis ir audiniai aplink apgamą bei apgamo pigmentacija, ant jo gali atsirasti nelygiai išsidėsčiusių dėmelių. Apgamams kenkia bet koks dirginimas. Kasomi, krapštomi, sužeidžiami yra dažniausiai užkliūvantys arba tam tikroje vietoje esantys apgamai: ant padų, tarpupirščiuose, ant liemens (po diržu), ant kaklo (prie apykaklės), ant pečių (po kuprinės diržais), ant riešo, ant galvos. Vyrai nuolat traumuoja apgamus skusdami barzdą, moterų apgamus užkliudo liemenėlės dirželiai, apyrankės, žiedeliai. Apgamus suaktyvina radioaktyvios medžiagos, soliariumai, saulės radiacija. Aktyvius apgamus būtina šalinti. Juos naikinti turi ne kosmetologai, o gydytojai onkodermatologai. Profesionaliai ir laiku pašalintas apgamas neturi galimybės suvešėti.
Reikėtų labiau atkreipti dėmesį į odos darinius, taip pat ir apgamus, kurie:
Taip pat reikėtų labiau atkreipti dėmesį į apgamus, kurie:
Savo ir artimųjų odą reikia tikrinti kartą per mėnesį. Ne visos įtartinos dėmės atsiranda saulės veikiamose ar matomose vietose. Tikrinkite visą kūno odą iš priekio ir nugaros (geriausiai – priešais kuo didesnį veidrodį).
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