Alergija – ypač jautri žmogaus organizmo reakcija į jį patekusį alergeną, į kurį kiti žmonės nereaguoja. Manoma, kad alergija – civilizacijos liga. Alergijos atvejų nuolat daugėja. Alergizuoti gali įvairūs augalai, žiedadulkės, maistas, gyvūnai netgi šaltis. Liepos 8-oji paskelbta Tarptautine alergijos diena. Ši diena skirta atkreipti dėmesį į alergijos priežastis, organizuojamos įvairios visuotinės akcijos.
Alergiškumą skatina didėjanti aplinkos tarša, nenatūralūs maisto produktai, vaistų ir buitinės chemijos medžiagų vartojimas, netgi stresas. Alergija gali išsivystyti ir tuomet, jei stengiamasi gyventi pernelyg steriliai, jei mama kūdikį saugo nuo bet kokių dulkių ir bakterijų. Tuomet jo imunitetas nuo pirmų dienų neišmoksta kovoti.
Alergija maisto produktams pasireiškia, kai paprastai nekenksmingi maisto produktai, patekę į organizmą, sukelia neįprastą imuninės sistemos reakciją ir nepageidaujamus simptomus. Tokia reakcija į maistą dažniausiai įvyksta labai greitai po alergiją sukėlusio maisto produkto suvartojimo. Alerginėms reakcijoms išprovokuoti paprastai užtenka nedidelio alergijas sukeliančio maisto kiekio.
Teoriškai visi maisto produktai gali sukelti alergijas, tačiau dažniausiai alergijas sukelia salierai, glitimo turintys javai (kviečiai, rugiai, miežiai ir avižos), vėžiagyviai (krabai ir krevetės), kiaušiniai, žuvis, pienas, moliuskai (midijos, austrės), garstyčios, riešutai (lazdyno, graikiški ir žemės riešutai), sezamo sėklos, soja.
Alergija gali būti ir gyvūnams, Dažniausiai alergija būna katėms ar šunims, bet pasitaiko alergijų žiurkėms, pelėms, jūros kiaulytėms, paukščiukams, arkliams, karvėms ar naminiams paukščiams. Gyvūnų alergenai yra baltymai, kuriems patekus ant odos ar įkvėpus, sukeliama alerginė reakcija, nes išsiskiria histaminas. Histaminas sukelia tinimus, ašarojimą, kitus šienligės ar astmos simptomus. Polinkis alergijai paprastai yra paveldimas. Jei įtariama alergija gyvūnui, gydytojas alergologas turi atlikti alergijos testą, kad patvirtintų diagnozę.
Manoma, kad alergijos atveju organizmo šalinimo sistemos (kepenys, inkstai, virškinimo traktas) yra perkrautos, todėl organizmas toksinus šalina per odą (atopinis dermatitas, alerginis dermatitas, kontaktinis dermatitas ir kt.) ar per kvėpavimo takų gleivinę (alerginis rinitas, bronchinė astma).
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