Stabligė – ūmi, įvairaus stiprumo raumenų spazmais pasireiÅ¡kianti liga, kuri gali baigtis mirtimi. Stabligės sukėlėjas – bakterija Clostridium tetani yra labai plačiai paplitusi gamtoje, aptinkama įvairiausių gyvūnų, taip pat ir žmogaus žarnyne.
Stabligės sukėlėjas, į žmogaus organizmą patekęs per burną, ligos nesukelia. Grėsmė susirgti kyla tada, kai stabligės sukėlėjas ar jo sporos patenka į žaizdą, ypač – į dirvožemiu užterÅ¡tas gilias durtines žaizdas. Pavojingos yra bet kokios žaizdos, sunkesni nudegimai.
Sergantieji stablige aplinkiniams nepavojingi. Užsikrėtus pirmieji ligos požymiai dažniausiai pasireiÅ¡kia po savaitės, bet gali būti ir po kelių dienų ar mėnesių. Sukėlėjas, patekęs į bedeguonines sąlygas (gilios durtinės žaizdos), pradeda daugintis ir gaminti egzotoksinus. Toksinas paveikia įvairias nervų sistemos struktūras, kas sukelia stiprius raumenų susitraukimus bei kitus negalavimus.
Pirmieji ligos požymiai gali būti trumpalaikiai raumenų trūkčiojimai, „tirpimas” užkrato patekimo vietoje. Vėliau liga pasireiÅ¡kia įvairaus stiprumo skausmingais raumenų spazmais, kurių trukmė – nuo kelių sekundžių iki kelių minučių. Jei spazmai apima didelių raumenų grupes, būna tokie stiprūs, kad nuo jų lūžta kaulai. Dėl sunkių traukulių priepuolių gali iÅ¡tikti hipoksija ir mirtis.
Patikimiausia stabligės profilaktikos priemonė – skiepai. Kūdikiai nuo stabligės skiepijami kartu su difterijos, kokliuÅ¡o ir dar daugiau komponentų turinčiomis vakcinomis. 15-16 metų paaugliai pakartotinai skiepijami nuo difterijos ir stabligės, nes imunitetas nuo Å¡ių ligų trunka apie deÅ¡imt metų. Vėliau palaikomosios, užtikrinančios patikimą apsaugą, vakcinos dozės suaugusiesiems rekomenduojamos kas 10 metų. Traumas patyrę asmenys, kurie nuo stabligės seniai nebuvo skiepyti, taip pat skiepijami tuo pačiu difterijos-stabligės anatoksinu.
Siekiant apsaugoti Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojus nuo susirgimų difterija ir stablige, jų komplikacijų bei mirčių, pagal Nacionalinę imunoprofilaktikos programą valstybės biudžeto lėÅ¡omis skiepijami suaugusieji, vyresni nei 26 metų amžiaus asmenys. Kviečiu nepraleisti progos nemokamai pasiskiepyti nuo Å¡ių pavojingų užkrečiamųjų ligų.
Dėl platesnės informacijos apie skiepijimo tvarką reikėtų kreiptis į savo Å¡eimos gydytoją.
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