Retųjų ligų diena minima kasmet paskutinę vasario dieną. Šios dienos renginius organizuoja Europos retųjų ligų organizacija EURORDIS ir devyniolikoje Europos Sąjungos šalių veikiančios retųjų ligų sąjungos. Renginiais siekiama suteikti visuomenei žinių apie retąsias ligas ir atkreipti dėmesį į tai, kad Europoje jomis serga 30 milijonų žmonių.
Retosios ligos – tai ligos, kuriomis serga nedidelis žmonių skaičius, palyginti su bendrąja populiacija. Europos Sąjungoje liga yra laikoma reta, jeigu ja serga ne daugiau nei 5 iš 10000 žmonių (1 iš 2000). Nepaisant šių ligų retumo, bendras sergančiųjų jomis skaičius yra didelis. Šiuo metu žinoma maždaug 5000–8000 retųjų ligų, kuriomis Europos Sąjungoje serga net 6–8 % (27–36 mln.) visų gyventojų. Pacientai, sergantys retosiomis ligomis, neretai susiduria su tam tikromis problemomis, susijusiomis su jų sveikatos priežiūra:
Retosiomis ligomis sergantys pacientai yra labiau pažeidžiami psichologiškai, socialiai, ekonomiškai ir kultūriškai, nei sergantieji paplitusiomis ligomis. Dėl nepakankamų mokslininkų ir medikų žinių apie retąsias ligas bei diagnostinių tyrimų stokos, daugeliui pacientų liga diagnozuojama vėlai arba visai nediagnozuojama. Tačiau net ir nustačius retąją ligą ar būklę, susiduriama su formaliais diagnostiniais sunkumais. Be to, pacientai, sergantys retosiomis ligomis, susiduria su sunkumais dėl tinkamo gydymo prieinamumo arba jo finansavimo. Farmacijos kompanijos yra nesuinteresuotos kurti naujų vaistų, skirtų retųjų ligų gydymui, kadangi kai kurios ligos pasitaiko taip retai, kad jų diagnozavimui, profilaktikai ar gydymui skirto vaisto kūrimo ir atidavimo į rinką sąnaudų nepadengtų numatomas to vaisto pardavimas.
Įvairios retosios ligos (sąrašas http://www.orpha.net.), kurioms priskiriamos ir tokios infekcinės ligos kaip virusinės hemoraginės karštligės (Ebola, Marburgo, Dengė, Geltonoji, Krymo Kongo, hemoraginė karštligė su inkstų sindromu), Vakarų Nilo karštligė, tuliaremija, leptospirozė, bruceliozė, raupsai, legioneliozė, botulizmas, vidurių šiltinė, jersiniozė, listeriozė, maras, spongiforminės encefalopatijos (Creutzfeldt-Jakobo liga, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheink sindromas ir kt.), kai kurios stafilokokų sukeltos bei parazitinės ligos (toksokarozė, tungiazė, trichineliozė, anisakiazė, maliarija ir kt.), stabligė, difterija, į gimta raudonukė, pasiutligė, poliomielitas ir kt.
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www.ulac.lt Straipsnį parengė E. Siminavičienė
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